Dependent Origination or
causal relativity is a feature common to both physical and psychical
sphere.Hence the correlation of cause and effect has been brought to
light by two basic formulae, abstract and concrete,which can be readily
applied to every phenomenon.
"Whenever this is present,this is also present.
Whenever this is absent,this is also absent." (Udana)
"From the arising of this,this arises.
From the cessation of this,this ceases to be." (Udana)
"Whenever this is present,this is also present.
Whenever this is absent,this is also absent." (Udana)
"From the arising of this,this arises.
From the cessation of this,this ceases to be." (Udana)
The concrete formula given in many places in the cannon is specific with
regard to the causal genesis,interdependence and cessation and
illustrates how the theory is applicable to every phenomenon that arises
and ceases to be in the world of experience.It is the world of change.
"Those things proceed from a cause,of these the Truth-finder has told the cause,
And that which is their stopping,the great recluse has a such doctrine." (Vinaya,Mahavagga Pali)
This stanza is considered as a doctrinal summary of Buddhism.
It is not subjective but objective category imposed by the mind on phenomena.Its objective characteristics is emphasized with the terms
objectivity, necessity,invariability and conditionality.(S.II.,p 26)
Its objectivity of causal interdependence is stressed throughout as a fact.Causal sequence is as independent occurrence of phenomena and it is free from any subjective intervention by the mind.It is stated that whether Tathagata arise or not this order,namely,the fixed nature of phenomena,regular pattern of phenomena, or conditionality exists in the world.This the Tathagata discovers and comprehends;having discovered and comprehended it,He points it out,teaches it lays it down,establishes,reveals,analyses,clarifies it and says:"Look!" (S.II,pp.25-6)
Its relation to other principal doctrines taught in Buddhism is too obvious to ignored.
The Four Noble Truths. (Suffering,the cause of suffering,cessation of suffering and the way to the cessation of suffering.)
The three characteristics;impermanence,
"Those things proceed from a cause,of these the Truth-finder has told the cause,
And that which is their stopping,the great recluse has a such doctrine." (Vinaya,Mahavagga Pali)
This stanza is considered as a doctrinal summary of Buddhism.
It is not subjective but objective category imposed by the mind on phenomena.Its objective characteristics is emphasized with the terms
objectivity, necessity,invariability and conditionality.(S.II.,p 26)
Its objectivity of causal interdependence is stressed throughout as a fact.Causal sequence is as independent occurrence of phenomena and it is free from any subjective intervention by the mind.It is stated that whether Tathagata arise or not this order,namely,the fixed nature of phenomena,regular pattern of phenomena, or conditionality exists in the world.This the Tathagata discovers and comprehends;having discovered and comprehended it,He points it out,teaches it lays it down,establishes,reveals,analyses,clarifies it and says:"Look!" (S.II,pp.25-6)
Its relation to other principal doctrines taught in Buddhism is too obvious to ignored.
The Four Noble Truths. (Suffering,the cause of suffering,cessation of suffering and the way to the cessation of suffering.)
The three characteristics;impermanence,
Kamma and rebirth.
The seven factors of enlightenment.(Mindfulness, analysis Dhamma-knowledge,Effort,Joy,
"Whatever is in the nature of arising(due to causes and conditions) is
in the nature of ceasing to be." (Dhammacakka pavattana Sutta)
Hence the Buddha's assertion:
"He who sees the Dependent Origination,sees the dhamma.
He who sees the dhamma,sees the Dependent Origination,sees the dhamma.
(Yo paticcasamuppadam passati,so dhammam passati.
Yo dhammam passati,so paticcasamuppadam passati."
Paticcasamuppada formula
Through ignorance conditioned are the kamma formation.
Through the kamma formation conditioned is consciousness.
Through consciousness conditioned are Mentality and Corporeality.
Through Mentality and Corporeality conditioned are Six sense-sphere.
Through Six sense-sphere conditioned are Six sense-bases.
Through Six sense-bases conditioned is sense impression.
Through impression conditioned is feeling.
Through feeling conditioned is Craving. Clinging.
Through conditioned is Clinging.
Through Clinging conditioned is Re becoming.
Through Re becoming conditioned is Rebirth.
Through Rebirth conditioned are Decay,Death, Sorrow,Lamentation,Pain,Grief and Despair.
Thus arises the whole mess of suffering.
There are at least examples of Dependent Origination.
The first one is as above.
The second one is-
Conflict is caused
by liked,the like is caused by desire, desire is caused by pleasant and
unpleasant,pleasant and unpleasant is caused by contact,contact is
caused by name and form.(Sn.862-871)
The third is -
suffering conditions faith,faith conditions joy,joy
conditions tranquility,tranquility conditions happiness,happiness
conditions concentration,concentration conditions
disenchantment,disenchantment conditions dispassion,dispassion
conditions freedom,freedom conditions knowledge of the destruction of
the defilement.
U Cittara
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